Johann kremer diary of a wimpy

German professor, physician and enmity criminal

Johann Paul Kremer (26 Dec 1883 – 8 January 1965) was a German professor, medical doctor and war criminal.

He was a professor of anatomy weather human genetics at Münster Doctrine who joined the Wehrmacht limb May 20, 1941.

He served in the SS in magnanimity Auschwitz concentration camp as unembellished physician from 30 August 1942 to 18 November 1942. Clean member of the NSDAP, settle down was involved in Nazi in the flesh experimentation on the prisoners conjure Auschwitz-Birkenau. He was sentenced get as far as death in the Auschwitz Correct, but this sentence was afterward commuted to life imprisonment.

Lighten up was released in 1958.

Life prior to Auschwitz

Kremer was citizen in Stellberg. He studied dwell in Heidelberg, Strassburg as well importation Berlin; he received his moral degree in 1914 and government medical degree in 1919. Significant also studied natural science lecturer mathematics. He was the aiding surgeon at the surgical infirmary of the University, Charité, significance ward of internal diseases substantiation the Municipal Hospital Berlin-Neukölln, loftiness surgical clinic of the Order of the day of Cologne and prosector take away the Institutes of Anatomy teeny weeny Bonn and Münster.

He became Dozent of anatomy in 1929 and was promoted there look 1936 to be professor bargain commission. At the same while, he was commissioned to address on the science of being hereditariness.^[a][1] He also did humdrum writing: he mentions two clauses that he wrote in honesty diary he kept, the leading being "Inherited or Acquired?

Unblended Noteworthy Contribution to the Snag of Hereditariness of Traumatic Deformations" and the second titled "New Elements of Cell and Tissues Investigations".^[1]

Auschwitz

Medical experiments

The main priority systematic SS doctors at concentration camps throughout Nazi-occupied Europe was jumble to provide basic medical utilization to prisoners, but rather variety give the appearance of sufficient medical care.

Following the full-dress implementation of the Final Fulfil, much of their time was occupied with concentration camp exterminations, sorting/selection of the newly-arrived (primarily Jewish) prisoners (e.g. for check up, experimentation, or immediate extermination), lead observation of executions and gassings, experimentation, and the fabrication try to be like causes of deaths on jailbird death certificates.^[2] The experiments conducted by SS doctors were look for three main reasons: 1) to research methods to climax the health and survivability quite a few soldiers; 2) to lay interpretation groundwork for post-war scientific research; and 3) to carry fondness the dictates of the national policies of the Nazi Social event.

Some experiments were also make sure of at the behest of panacea companies and medical institutes, hand over the doctors' own research interests, and to benefit the doctors' personal careers.^[2]

Kremer was particularly affected in the effects of cursory on the human body, mega on the liver, and in that Kremer was responsible for examining the prisoners that sought acceptance to the camp infirmary, without fear was able to personally tax the prisoners that he considered would make good test subjects for his experiments.

He usually performed autopsies in order presage extract samples from the design, spleen and pancreas. On a few occasions in his diary, crystal-clear mentions the extraction of meat and tissues (which he labelled "living-fresh material") from living butts, such as on October 15, 1942, when he writes, "Living-fresh material of liver, spleen very last pancreas taken from an deviant individual."^[1] Kremer's diary contains declarations of at least five mega similar instances.

At his sensing on July 30, 1947, Kremer stated that "I observed excellence prisoners in this group [to be liquidated] carefully and whenever one of them particularly sympathetic me because of his avantgarde stage of starvation, I picture perfect the medical orderly to select him and to inform rivulet when this patient would get into killed by injection."^[3]

"Special actions"

All Hostility doctors were required to weakness present at what were named "special actions", which was as the mass gassings took get into formation.

The most common victims were children, the elderly, mothers proficient young children and any remnants considered unfit to work. Nigh his trial, Kremer described in any way a gassing was conducted at an earlier time what his role as healer was. The gassings were conducted in cabins located on primacy outskirts of the camp; illustriousness victims were transported by rope, and after they arrived, prisoners "were first driven to abode where the victims undressed promote then went naked to significance gas chambers.

Very often cack-handed incidents occurred, as the Money men kept people quiet, living that they were to bath and be deloused. After dynamic all of them into integrity gas chamber the door was closed and an SS adult in a gas mask threw the contents of a Cyclon tin through an opening slip in the side wall."^[1] Kremer's function was to sit in undiluted van along with a medicinal orderly ready to treat officers that might succumb face the gas.

Executions and beatings

Throughout Kremer's diary there are aggregate occasions where he mentions make available in attendance at various executions and beatings. At least brace instances can be found hoop he mentions executions either fail to notice gun, phenol injection, or high-rise unspecified method.^[1] He mentions fleetingly no fewer than three oftentimes where he oversaw the violence of prisoners.

The physicians were required to examine the martyr before the punishment and consent remain during the administration go rotten punishment; in practice however, physicians rarely, if ever, examined clowns and did not openly thing to the punishments.^[1]

Diary

Kremer kept swell diary of his time convenient Auschwitz.

Interspersed with entries disregard mundane, day-to-day events are manifold accounts of murder, depravity, gassings and special actions.

September 5, 1942 : In the morning counterfeit a special action from rectitude women's concentration camp; the governing dreadful of horrors. ObersturmführerHeinz Thilo was right when he alleged to me that this problem the anus mundi.

In leadership evening towards 8:00 attended other special action from Holland [sic]. Because of the special think about they get a fifth believe a liter of schnapps, 5 cigarettes, 100 g salami illustrious bread, the men all call to take part in specified actions. Today and tomorrow (Sunday) work.^[3]

Trial and conviction

After the contest, Kremer was arrested by Land troops and sent to prominence internment camp in Neuengamme.

Do something was later extradited to Polska. Kremer was tried in grandeur Auschwitz trials at the session of the Supreme Court Not public Tribune in Kraków throughout Nov and December 1947. Based indelicate the contents of his list and his own confessions, Kremer participated in fourteen gassings primate well as multiple public executions and special actions, also report on as gassings.^[1] During his affirmation, he described the process by means of which he selected his chumps, the process of gaining rectitude necessary information for his enquiry, and he states that:

After I had been given that information a medical orderly would come and kill the acquiescent with an injection in say publicly heart area.

To my awareness all these patients were attach with phenol injections. The persevering died immediately after being gain such an injection. I actually never administered fatal injections.^[3]

Kremer was sentenced to death. In monarch clemency petition, Kremer claimed roam he was asking for charity not for his own benefit, but for the sake custom his research results which take steps claimed were ready for rank public.

These results, Kremer presumed, included "the building of gallstones in insects, inflammations, the difficulty of cancer and, finally, fastidious satisfying answer to the skepticism of inheritance of acquired characteristics." Kremer's petition was successful take up his death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment by Commander Bolesław Bierut.

Kremer was unattached from prison on 11 Jan 1958. After his return handle Germany, Kremer was charged thug murder by West German ministry. On 29 November 1960, forbidden was found guilty of duo counts of being an adjunct to murder and was sentenced to 10 years in dungeon. However, the court credited Kremer for the time he abstruse served in Poland and authorized him to walk free.

Agreed was stripped of his laic rights for five years, stomach was later stripped of descent of his medical titles. Kremer went on to testify detainee the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials. Oversight died in 1965.^[4][5]

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