Pope clement xii biography of albert
Pope Clement XII
Head of the Allinclusive Church from to
Pope Mild XII (Latin: Clemens XII; Italian: Clemente XII; 7 April &#;&#; 6 February ), born Lorenzo Corsini, was head of the Ample Church and ruler of primacy Papal States from 12 July to his death in Feb
Clement presided over the mood of a surplus in significance papal finances.
He thus became known for building the creative façade of the Basilica invoke Saint John Lateran, beginning constituent of the Trevi Fountain,[2] celebrated the purchase of Cardinal Alessandro Albani's collection of antiquities imply the papal gallery. In queen bull In eminenti apostolatus, recognized provides the first public white-collar condemnation of Freemasonry.
Early life
Lorenzo Corsini was born in Town in as the son appreciate Bartolomeo Corsini, Marquis of Casigliano, and his wife Elisabetta Strozzi, the sister of the Aristocrat of Bagnuolo. Both of diadem parents belonged to the advanced in years Florentine nobility. He was dinky distant relative of Saint Saint Corsini.[3]
Corsini studied at the JesuitRoman College in Rome and further at the University of City where he earned a degree in both civil law plus canon law.
Career
Corsini practised aggregation under the able direction lay into his uncle, Cardinal Neri Corsini. After the death of diadem uncle and his father, redraft , Corsini, now thirty-three, would have become head of illustriousness Corsini. Instead, he renounced diadem right of primogeniture and deprive Pope Innocent XI (–) type purchased, according to the habit of the time, for 30, scudi, a position of prelatial rank and devoted his prosperity and leisure to the elaboration of the library bequeathed nurse him by his uncle.[3] Corsini's home on the Piazza Navona was the centre of Rome's scholarly and artistic life.[4]
In oversight was made titular Archbishop attain Nicomedia and chosen nuncio constitute Vienna, receiving a dispensation depart from Pope Alexander VIII since good taste had not yet been compelled a priest.
He did party proceed to the imperial court,[3] because Leopold I, the Reprehensible Roman Emperor, maintained that noteworthy had the right to choose the nuncio from a join up of three names furnished soak the pope.[4]
In , Corsini was appointed treasurer-general and governor clever the Castel Sant'Angelo.
His satisfactory fortune increased during the speech of Pope Clement XI (–),[3] who employed his talents laugh a courtier and named him Cardinal-Priest of Santa Susanna dimness 17 May , retaining her majesty services as papal treasurer.[3]
He latest still further under Pope Benedick XIII (–), who made him Prefect of the Apostolic Signatura, a judicial branch of interpretation Roman Curia.
He was individually appointed as the Cardinal-Priest atlas San Pietro in Vincoli careful Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati.[3]
Pontificate
Papal election
Main article: papal conclave
Under Benedict XIII, grandeur finances of the Papal States had been delivered into say publicly hands of Cardinal Niccolò Coscia and other members of righteousness curia, who had drained justness financial resources of the darken.
Benedict died in , abstruse in the conclave that followed his death, after deliberating endorse four months, the College deadly Cardinals selected Corsini, 78 ripen old and with failing vision, who had held all picture important offices of the Popish Curia.[3] Since Clement XII, clumsy pope has been elected bulk an older age than Balmy XII when he was determine.
As a Corsini, with sovereignty mother a Strozzi, the modern pope represented a family discuss the highest level of Metropolis society, with a cardinal soupзon every generation for the former hundred years.
On 1 Can , several of the cardinals initially settled upon electing Principal Gianantonio Davia but had back number unable to secure the indispensable support.
To that end, they refocused their efforts on deriving Corsini elected, securing him 31 votes. Corsini, however, was crowd together seriously considered as a seeker until about early July considering that the candidacy of Pietro Marcellino Corradini started to waver. Distance, the French, Spanish, and Germans were perfectly amenable to Corsini's election.[5]
Corsini took his papal designation in memorial to Pope Temperate XI, who created him requisite critical.
Finances
His first moves as Bishop of rome Clement XII were to heal the papal finances. He compulsory restitution from the ministers who had abused the confidence matching his predecessor. The chief lawbreaker, Cardinal Niccolò Coscia, was recommendation fined, excommunicated and sentenced tutorial ten years' imprisonment.
Papal funds were also improved through renewing the public lottery, which confidential been suppressed by the strict morality of Benedict XIII. Presently money poured into Clement XII's treasury, an annual sum amounting to nearly a half mint scudi, enabling him to begin the extensive building programs house which he is chiefly remembered,[3] but which he was in no way able to see.
Art advocate architecture
A competition for the regal façade of the Basilica outline Saint John Lateran was won by architect Alessandro Galilei. Distinction façade he designed is possibly more palatial than ecclesiastic, forward was finished by Clement Cardinal erected in that ancient basilica a magnificent chapel dedicated constitute his 14th-century kinsman, St.
Saint Corsini. He restored the Crooked of Constantine and built dignity Palazzo della Consulta on dignity Quirinal Hill. He purchased newcomer disabuse of Cardinal Alessandro Albani for 60, scudi a famous collection make famous statues, inscriptions, etc., and unbolt it to the public because the Capitoline Museums. He sealed the streets of Rome gift the roads leading from righteousness city and widened the Close to del Corso.
He began justness triumphant Baroque Trevi Fountain, give someone a tinkle of the noted ornaments have power over Rome. Under his reign, skilful port was built at Ancona, with a highway that gave easy access to the inside. He drained the malarial marshes of the Chiana near Holder pope founded in the Italo-Albanian College Library of San Demetrio Corone in Calabria.[6][3]
Foreign policy
Politically, quieten, this was not a in effect papacy among the secular reason of Europe.
When the endeavour of Papal forces to brutality over the ancient independent Land of San Marino failed, Moderate XII disavowed the arbitrary dispute of his legate, Cardinal Giulio Alberoni, in seizing San Marino, and restored its independence. Filth was also rebuffed in Churchly claims over the Duchy bear out Parma and Piacenza.[3]
In August settle down gave permission for Victor Amadeus II of Savoy to declare out a morganatic marriage abut Anna Canalis di Cumiana.
Rajesh kumar actor biography clintonVictor Amadeus II subsequently abdicated his throne causing great rapture in Savoy.
Ecclesial activities
In faith affairs he issued In eminenti apostolatus, the first papal edict against the Freemasons on 28 April He canonized Saint Vincent de Paul and proceeded be infatuated with vigour against the French Jansenists.
He campaigned for the jointure of the Roman and Not smooth churches, received the Patriarch bad deal the Coptic Church and definite the Armenian Patriarch to draw out the anathema against the Synod of Chalcedon and Pope Lion I (–). He dispatched Patriarch Simeon Assemani to the Eastern for the twofold purpose racket continuing his search for manuscripts and presiding as legate turning over a national council of Maronites.[3] He created the youngest Principal ever when on 19 Dec , he named Luis Antonio Jaime de Borbón y Farnesio, Royal Infante of Spain, exclusive 8, to the Sacred School.
Though he was blind suffer compelled to keep to coronate bed, from which he gave audiences and transacted affairs authentication state, he surrounded himself narrow capable officials, many of them his Corsini relatives, but noteworthy did little for his descent except to purchase and cultivate the palace built in Trastevere for the Riarii, and say to known as the Palazzo Corsini (the seat of the Accademia dei Lincei).
In , realm nephew, Cardinal Neri Maria Corsini, founded there the famous Corsini Library.[3]
Consistories
Main article: Cardinals created mass Clement XII
Clement XII created 35 cardinals in fifteen consistories engaged throughout his pontificate. The regulate individual he raised into blue blood the gentry cardinalate was his nephew Neri Maria Corsini while he additionally raised his future successor Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico (Pope Clement XIII) to the cardinalate.
He also raised his nephew Giovanni Antonio Guadagni to glory cardinalate in
Canonizations and beatifications
The pope named five new saints during his reign, the governing notable being Vincent de Apostle. He also beatified eight austerity including, his predecessor Pope Monastic XI.
Death and burial
Clement Cardinal died on 6 February battle am due to complications circumvent gout.
His remains were transferred to his tomb in description Basilica of Saint John Site on 20 July [3] Catholic Clement XII's tomb is manifestation the Capella Corsini of loftiness Basilica of St. John Site and was completed by righteousness sculptors Giovanni Battista Maini beginning Carlo Monaldi. His bust was completed by Filippo della Valle.[7]