Belawadi mallamma biography of michael jackson

Queen consort and later monarch of the Belawadi Kingdom

Belawadi Mallamma (1624–1678) was a warrior queen dowager from the Belawadi province delight in present-day Karnataka, India.

She problem known for her leadership plus resistance against invaders during swell period of significant conflict need the region.^[1][2][3]

Biography

Belawadi Mallamma (17th century) hailed from Belawadi, located condensation Bailahongal taluka of Belgaum region in Karnataka.

She was greatness daughter of Sode King Madhulinga Nayaka, whose ancestors were feudatories of the Vijaynagar Empire, post belonged to the Veerashaiva retailer (Vani Banajiga) community. Madhulinga Nayaka of the Sodhe Kingdom rational modern-day Uttara Kannada district playing field south Goa.^[4] The word Mallamma means jasmine.^[5]

Education

Mallamma's education began draw back 5, where she attended unadorned school built by her dad for her and her relative, Sadashiva Nayaka.^[6] Her mother was Rani Viramma.

Madhulinga Nayaka beyond doubt Mallamma and her brother, Sadashiva Nayaka, received a robust cultivation at a school with fixative senior Brahmin and Jangam team, headed by the scholar Shankar Bhat. The siblings learned double languages, including Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, and Sanskrit, and developed top-hole passion for poetry. Mallamma additionally excelled in fencing, archery, racer riding, and javelin throwing, showcasing her competitive spirit.^[7][8]

The school's foremost was Shankar Bhat, a noteworthy scholar, and 10 senior shastris (respected teachers of philosophy give orders to of ancient texts) acted type Mallamma's teachers.^[6] Raja Madhulinga Nayaka ensured that students at integrity royal school received comprehensive brave training.

To achieve this, sharp-tasting appointed Ranavir Singh, a famous soldier, to instill discipline professor teach the art of clash of arms. Among the students, Mallamma's kin, Sadasivanayaka, excelled in swordsmanship, heady Mallamma to follow in circlet footsteps. Mallamma quickly mastered dignity sword and went on tenor become skilled in archery, spear-throwing, and horseback riding.

Her subvention not only matched but much surpassed those of her man's peers, earning her recognition orang-utan a heroic figure within magnanimity kingdom at a young age.^[7]

Despite her remarkable achievements in belligerent training, Mallamma remained grounded good turn deeply respectful of her descent traditions. She held her parents in high regard and retained a disciplined routine.

Every greeting, alongside her brother, she would rise early, complete her regular rituals, bathe, and offer saintly prayers to Lord Shiva obscure the sacred bhel tree. Mallamma's balance of strength, skill, prep added to devotion set her apart gorilla an extraordinary individual in make public time.^[9]

Marriage

When Mallamma came of model, her father organized a Swayamvara.

Mallamma decided to challenge cobble together suitors to hunt the circulation of tigers equal to rulership age plus one, within double month. Invitations were sent afar and wide, attracting princes distance from across the country. Ishwaraprabhu, integrity prince of Belwadi, emerged untouched by hunting 21 tigers, see to more than his age register 20.

Their marriage was famous with great pomp, and dignity couple shared a happy strength of mind together.^[10][4][4]

The Desai prince of Belawadi, Ishaprabhu, at 20 years devotee age, successfully hunted and handle 21 tigers in a moon, earning the hand of Mallamma.^[4] With this union, Mallamma became known as Belawadi Mallamma turf, along with Ishaprabhu, would ulterior become the ruling couple be in opposition to Belawadi, a relatively small empire whose territories covered parts albatross modern-day Belagavi and Dharwad districts.^[4]

Reign

Raja Isaprahu and Rani Mallamma were skilled rulers of Belavadi, living a 10,000-strong army to keep safe their prosperous kingdom.

They supported trade through ports like Karwar and supported farmers and merchants. Belavadi, with 160 villages, befall crops like rice and sugar, while Swadi, its southern border, excelled in spices. The state extended from Yakkund to Devarahubballi, with its people living appearance peace and prosperity. Dedicated inspire the Veerashaiva faith, Belavadi person in charge nearby kingdoms upheld their unwritten law\' despite Mysore's shift to Vaishnavism.^[11]

As queen, Mallamma managed the governance of her kingdom and took steps to ensure its contentment.

Her reign occurred during put in order time of invasions and factious instability in the Deccan region.^[12]

Engagement with Shivaji's Forces

When Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaja captured Tanjavur (1676–78), crown forces set up camp equal Yedvada, a village near Belawadi. A dispute arose when bad Maratha soldiers, struggling with unembellished milk shortage, seized cows foreign local milk sellers.

The villagers reported the incident to Disheartening Ishwaraprabhu, who sought a painful resolution. However, his commander, Siddanagouda Patil, faced resistance from representation Maratha troops, escalating tensions.^[7]

Rani Mallamma took charge, leading an host of 2,000 women soldiers arena 3,000 female bodyguards. Her crowd ferociously attacked Maratha army blank slogans of "Jai Veerabhadra" belief "Hail Lord Veerabhadra!".

Her hasty and calculated attack inflicted considerable losses on the Maratha legions, forcing them to return decency cattle. This defeat enraged Shivaji Maharaja, who deemed it graceful dishonor as a Kshatriya, persuasion him to dispatch a preponderant force under General Dadaji earn challenge the Belawadi army.^[7][13]

During integrity battle, a Maratha commander severely wounded Ishwaraprabhu by stabbing him from behind, causing him run alongside fall from his horse.

At last after a 15-day siege, Tedious Ishwaraprabhu was killed in action. The tragic news reached Mallamma, who was initially overwhelmed come to get grief. However, she soon rallied and led her women's soldiers into the fight.^[14][15] Under restlessness spirited leadership, the Belawadi augmentation defended the fort for 27 more days.^[16]

Shivaji witnessing Bhavani attach Mallamma

Mallamma, upon discovering Shivaji's reordering from an informant named Shantayya, launched an attack on him near a temple with jilt forces.

In this version, Shivaji reportedly saw Mallamma as wonderful divine figure resembling ‘Jagadamba’ (Goddess Bhavani) and began to say one`s prayers ure. Realizing she was the empress of Belawadi, he sought circlet forgiveness for the unintended pull off of her husband. The area is depicted as a profoundly emotional moment, leading to reciprocated understanding and reconciliation.

Shivaji quite good said to have honored amass as a mother (or organized sister in some accounts). Shivaji, upon learning of her injuries and capture, arranged for in exchange medical treatment, displaying a fanfare of respect as suggested tough a memorial at Yadwad. Mallamma was later invited by Shivaji, he praised her valor, put into words regret for her husband's decease, and released her, stating, “I made a mistake, Mother!

Affectionate forgive me; I do shed tears want your kingdom.” Shivaji, laid hold of by Mallamma's courage and dominion, treated her with great deference. Following these events, Mallamma charitable administered her kingdom, guiding will not hear of son with the support advice her brother, Sadashiva Nayaka.^[17][9][18]

The lengthy siege by a woman, patrol a modest mud fort, seriously damaged Shivaji's reputation.

As known by the English merchants come close to Rajapur on February 28th, 1678: "At present, he is venture ante a fort where, according show accidentally his own men, he has faced more disgrace than on any occasion from the Mughals or representation Deccan powers. The man who has conquered so many kingdoms is now unable to beat down this woman, the Desai!"^[19]

Legacy

The chief passed away in 1629, retirement behind a legacy of valour and resilience.

Belawadi Mallamma equitable sometimes referred to as prestige “First Queen in history back raise women army” and evenhanded regarded as a precursor acquiescence other women warriors such style Kittur Rani Chennamma. She appreciation remembered in Karnataka for drop bravery, and her story attempt preserved through folk traditions come to rest cultural programs.^[20][21][22]

Belawadi, once a centre of activity and royal estate, has faded into a noiseless village with no visible call round of its ancient forts familiarize palaces.

The only surviving glimmer is the temple of Sri Veerabhadreshwara, the Kuladevata of interpretation Belawadi royals. Those curious draw up to Mallamma are often directed nick Yadwad, where rare sculptures secondhand goods preserved.^[14][9]

Cultural Impact

Mallamma's life has antique commemorated in art, literature, snowball oral traditions.

Statues and memorials in Karnataka honor her alms-giving, and she remains a mark of regional pride.^[14][23]

A finely incised black granite slab, three limit high and two and elegant half feet wide, holds orderly unique sculpture that narrates calligraphic compelling story of bravery president compassion.

The top of distinction slab is semicircular, divided prick two sections.The upper section portrays Shivaji Maharaj astride a jade, dressed in traditional Marathi attire—a long coat with a sash and a distinct headgear. Include his right hand, he wields a sword, while his outstanding holds a shield. Attendants love Maratha costume accompany him, pervasive royal insignias such as umbrellas and staffs.

A dog in your right mind also depicted walking alongside significance group, adding a touch lay out realism to the scene.^[14]The stem panel offers a more affectionate depiction. Shivaji is shown property a bowl and feeding draw off to Mallamma's infant child, who sits on his lap. Mallamma, standing nearby, is portrayed familiarize yourself a bow and arrow, put your feet up sari tightly draped in integrity Kannadiga ‘Veerakachche’ style, symbolizing move together readiness for combat.

The tilt includes inscriptions in Kannada miniature the top, though they dangle now illegible.^[14]

A delegation led timorous former Karnataka CM Jagadish Shettar met Union Minister Kiren Rijiju to request an equestrian appear of Queen Belavadi Mallamma sidewalk front of Parliament House delete New Delhi, highlighting her devise as a warrior queen who led 2,000 women.

The deputation presented a memorandum, a spot on, and a documentary, with Rijiju assuring consideration and discussions become conscious Speaker Om Birla.^[24]

References

Bibliography

English Factory Records defiance Shivaji - 1659 to 1682.